Indonesians often use proverbs or idioms when communicating. One example is the frequent use of the Malay idiom “tak kenal maka tak sayang” to lighten the mood in various formal and informal settings. However, upon closer examination, Javanese culture also has idioms and proverbs that are worth exploring. In his dissertation, Hendrokumoro (2016) explains that Javanese culture has eight types of proverbs, including paribasan, bêbasan, saloka, pêpindhan, sanepa, panyandra, isbat, and sêmboyan.

The first form described is the paribasan. Technically, paribasan is a grammatical unit with a fixed structure that is straightforward and does not contain a metaphor, yet carries a figurative meaning (Padmosoektojo, 1958). One example is the expression ana catur mungkur, which literally means “there is talk of leaving.” The meaning behind this expression is the wise attitude of someone who refuses to pay attention to gossip or negative talk from others (Padmosoektojo, 1958:62).

Furthermore, there is a Javanese proverb known as bebasan.” Bebasan is a proverb with a fixed form, figurative meaning, and emphasizes the metaphorical description of a person’s condition or behavior (Padmosoekotjo, 1958). An example is wis kêbak sundukane “the pricks are already full”, indicating that the person in question has committed many mistakes. This metaphor originates from the culture of elders or leaders in the past who used to insert pins to record the mistakes of their subordinates. If the pins were full, it meant that the person had committed far too many mistakes (Padmosoektojo, 1958:62).

The next category is saloka, Javanese proverbs that take the form of fixed phrases and share similarities in both usage and meaning (Padmosoekotjo, 1958). The primary focus is on the subject or person; what is being likened is a person, a trait, or a situation, using metaphors involving animals or objects (Padmosoekotjo, 1958; Subalidinata, 1968; Dirdjosiswojo, 1956). An example of a saloka is asu bêlang kalung wang ‘a spotted dog wearing a money necklace’, which depicts the common people or the lower class possessing abundant wealth (Padmosoekotjo, 1958:76).

Additionally, there are pêpindhan that function as instruments of comparison. Unlike other forms, pêpindhan often use comparative terms such as lir, pindha, kaya, or their synonyms to equate objects with humans (Padmosoekotjo, 1958; Hadiwidjana, 1967). For example, the expression kuning pindha mas sinangling ‘yellow like gold that has been polished’ is used to describe a yellow color that shimmers beautifully, much like gold that has been polished. Furthermore, sangling itself is a tool used for polishing gold (Padmosoekotjo, 1958: 95).

The next category is sanepa. Sanepa is a metaphor whose meaning actually conveys the opposite or a negation (Subalidinata, 1968). The expression suwe banyu sinaring—“water takes a long time to filter”—for example, is actually used to describe someone who responds very quickly to something (Hendrokumoro, 2016).

Javanese proverbs also employ aesthetic or beautiful forms in the sense of panyandra or candra. Panyandra or candra is used to describe physical beauty as a form of impressive praise (Padmosoekotjo, 1958; Hendrokumoro, 2016). One form of bodily beauty often praised is drijine mucuk eri, which describes fingers as beautiful as thorn tips, characterized by fingertips that are smaller than the base of the finger (Hendrokumoro, 2016).

Another form of Javanese proverb is called Isbat. The form of isbat is similar to saloka, whose content or intended meaning relates to metaphysical, philosophical, or occult dimensions containing spiritual messages (Widati et al., 2015; Subalidinata, 1968). The expression golek gêni adêdamar ‘searching for fire while carrying a lamp’ serves as a philosophical metaphor suggesting that in the pursuit of true knowledge, one requires a foundation of knowledge to serve as a guide (Widati et al., 2015). 

Finally, as a source of inspiration, the term sêmboyan refers to a set of phrases designed to foster optimism and guide action (Hendrokumoro, 2016). The legendary motto rawe-rawe rantas, malang-malang putung—“swinging objects are struck down, obstructing objects are severed”—reflects an unyielding determination to overcome all obstacles in order to achieve the desired goal (Hendrokumoro, 2016:92). 

Author: Haryo Untoro
Editor: Haryo Untoro, Nurul Fajri Rahmani

Bibilography

Dirdjosiswojo. (1956). Paribasan. Jogjakarta: Kalimosodo.

Hendrokumoro. (2016). Peribahasa dalam Bahasa Jawa. Disertasi. Yogyakarta: Program Pascasarjana, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Padmosoekotjo, S. (1958). Ngengrengan Kasusastraan Djawa I: Kanggo Para Siswa Sekolah Guru lan Sekolah Landjutan Lijane. Jogjakarta: Hien Hoo Sing.

Subalidinata, R.S. (1968). Sarining Kasusastraan Djawa. Jogjakarta: Jaker.

Widati, S., Rahayu, P., dan Prabowo, D.P. (2015). Ensiklopedi Sastra Jawa. Yogyakarta: Kementerian Pendisikan dan Kebudayaan, Balai Bahasa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

The Student Association of the Department of Javanese Language, Literature, and Culture (HMJ Kamastawa) held a handover ceremony for the 2026/2027 management on Monday (06/23/2026) at Poerbatjaraka Building 203, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University. The event was attended by the HMJ Kamastawa executive board for the 2025/2026 and 2026/2027 periods, as well as faculty representatives from the study program.

Also present at the event were the Head of the Javanese Language, Literature, and Culture Study Program, Dr. Sulistyowati, M.Hum., and the advisor to HMJ Kamastawa, Dr. Rudy Wiratama, S.I.P., M.A. The presence of the study program leaders emphasized the program’s support for the continuity of student organizations.

The event began at 4:15 PM and was hosted by Muhammad Bagus Ulinnuha. The series of activities began with the singing of the Indonesian national anthem and the Gadjah Mada hymn.

In his speech, Dr. Rudy Wiratama, S.I.P., M.A. emphasized the importance of maintaining achievements in a positive manner and building the widest possible network. He also advised the administrators to always apply the values of guidance, compassion, and nurturing, both with fellow administrators, seniors, and alumni.

Meanwhile, Dr. Sulistyowati, M.Hum. reminded the administrators to remain resilient in facing the dynamics and challenges of the organization. She emphasized the importance of coordination with lecturers and maintaining a balance between achievement, physical and mental health, and harmonious communication within the management.

The main procession of the event consisted of the reading and signing of the minutes by the Chair of HMJ for the 2025/2026 period, Dwiyan Teguh Darmawan, followed by the symbolic handover of office by the Head of the Study Program. Next, the inauguration script was read by Dr. Rudy Wiratama, S.I.P., M.A., and the oath of office was led by the Chair of HMJ for the 2026/2027 period, Wreksi Awinanggya Pinandhita.

The event then continued with a symbolic handover of positions to the Kamastawa HMJ management, a message and impressions from the 2025/2026 HMJ period, and a speech from the Chair of the 2026/2027 HMJ period. The series of activities was closed with a group photo session to capture the moment of togetherness.

The handover ceremony for the Kamastawa Student Association for the 2026/2027 period is an important moment for the new board to continue and improve the quality of the organization. It is hoped that the new board will be able to implement flagship programs optimally. Thus, HMJ Kamastawa can continue to play an active role, making positive contributions to nguri-uri ‘preserving’ and ngurip-urip ‘revitalizing’ Javanese culture, as well as maintaining the good reputation of the Javanese Language, Literature, and Culture Study Program. Congratulations and success to the HMJ Kamastawa management for the 2026/2027 period.

Author: Haryo Untoro
Editor: Haryo Untoro

Dr. Arsanti Wulandari, M.Hum., lecturer in the Javanese Language, Literature, and Culture Study Program in the field of Philology, was one of the speakers at the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) entitled “Islam in Javanese Babad: Efforts to Revitalize Mataraman Islam”. The event was organized by PPM Aswaja Nusantara in the PPM Aswaja Nusantara Mlangi Hall on Friday (February 6, 2026) from 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.

In her presentation, Dr. Arsanti Wulandari, M.Hum. explained the connection between literary works, particularly Babad Ngayogyakarta, and the development and existence of Islam in the Yogyakarta Palace. She explained that Babad Ngayogyakarta was written during the reign of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana (HB) V and was transcribed again during the reign of HB VII. The manuscript was written in Javanese script and contains expressions of Islamic teachings that developed within the Yogyakarta Palace.

The chronicle covers the period of HB IV-V, starting from the childhood of HB IV until the coronation of HB V. During this period, Prince Diponegoro is also described as the guardian of HB IV until the outbreak of the Diponegoro war. Prince Diponegoro is also described as a figure who upheld Islamic teachings and revived them in the life of the Yogyakarta Sultanate.

One example cited was Prince Diponegoro’s role in providing Islamic education to Hamengkubuwana IV. This education included the obligation to study the Qur’an, understand fiqh, and instill values of struggle. Dr. Arsanti Wulandari, M.Hum. also explained that Diponegoro’s concept of struggle was reflected in the war against colonialism, which was based on the spirit of upholding Islamic teachings, including the call of sabilullah as a motivator for the troops.

Through a study of the literary work Babad Ngayogyakarta, various important information can be found, ranging from historical facts, literary forms, to information about the existence of Islam in Java. He described the existence of Islam at that time in three (3) words, namely manjing ‘enter’, ajur ‘melt’, and ajer ‘walk together’.

Information related to literature and history of the past can be found in various manuscripts. In this case, philology plays an important role in uncovering the information contained in ancient manuscripts so that it can be understood and utilized by today’s society. In addition, philological studies are also part of efforts to preserve and protect regional languages, literature, and cultures in Indonesia.

This FGD activity is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly point 4 on quality education, point 11 on sustainable cities and communities, and point 17 on partnerships to achieve development goals.

Author : Haryo Untoro
Editor : Haryo Untoro

Yogyakarta, 16 December 2025 – Students of the Javanese Language, Literature, and Culture Study Program, Class of 2025, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, staged a drama titled Weton Waton. The performance took place at the Poerbatjaraka Auditorium, FIB UGM, at 6:00 p.m.

This activity was organized as part of the final exam assignment for the Communicative Spoken Javanese Language course taught by Dr. R. Bima Slamet Raharja, S.S., M.A. The performance of Weton Waton was directed by Safa Rahmatul H. as the production manager.

The drama Weton Waton tells the story of a domestic conflict between a husband and wife triggered by financial problems. The root of the problem lies in the husband’s decision to quit his job and get involved in cockfighting gambling. The ongoing conflict then prompts the wife’s parents to take the matter to a shaman. In the story, the shaman says that the couple’s domestic quarrels are caused by an incompatibility in their weton, which is called tiba pegat.

Through this performance, students sought to convey the message that problems should not be automatically attributed to a person’s character or nature based on their weton. In addition, this performance also presented knowledge about the concepts of dina, pasaran, and wuku, which are still believed by some Javanese people to be part of their tradition.

Based on an online interview with Yogi Setiyawan on December 28, 2025, the Weton Waton performance was a final exam assignment that required all students enrolled in the course to be directly involved in the performance. The theme of weton was chosen as an effort to highlight the tradition of calculating weton, dina, pasaran, and wuku that has developed in Javanese society.

“In preparing for the Weton Waton performance, our preparations can be said to still have a number of limitations. The challenges faced include script writing, group division, and funding constraints. From this process, we learned that good and open communication between members is very important in a performance,” said Yogi.

Yogi also expressed his pride in being involved in the premiere performance of the 2025 batch of students from the Javanese Language, Literature, and Culture Study Program. He hopes that this activity can be a first step towards producing better works in the future.

The performance of the Weton Waton drama was not only a means of practicing Javanese language skills orally, but also a platform for students to create and apply their language skills in the form of a performance. In line with the teachings of KGPAA Mangkunegara IV in Serat Wedhatama, which states that ngelmu iku kalakone kanthi laku or knowledge must be implemented through practice, this performance is a tangible manifestation of reviving enthusiasm for the Javanese language while honing students’ creativity. Through activities such as this, students are expected to continue to preserve and revive Javanese culture through concrete efforts that benefit the community.

Author : Haryo Untoro
Editor  : Haryo Untoro

The Javanese Language, Literature, and Culture Study Program, Faculty of Cultural Sciences (FIB), Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), will hold a combined Final Semester Exam (FSE) through a joint proposal seminar on December 15–17, 2025. The event will be held in the Multimedia Room on the 2nd floor of the Margono Building, FIB UGM, from 8:00 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.

This joint proposal seminar is the final exam for three courses, namely Philology Seminar, Linguistics Seminar, and Literature. Through this activity, students present their thesis proposals and explain the progress of their research.

During the event, lecturers from the Javanese Language, Literature, and Culture Study Program are present as examiners and respondents. The lecturers provide comments, input, and constructive suggestions regarding the substance of the research, methodology, and direction of the students’ undergraduate thesis development.

This joint proposal seminar activity not only serves as a final semester academic evaluation, but also becomes a forum for scientific discussion between students and lecturers. Through this forum, students are expected to obtain comprehensive feedback to improve their thesis research.

This event is expected to help students finalize their thesis planning and implementation, while also improving the quality of research in the fields of Javanese language, literature, and culture.

Author : Haryo Untoro
Editor : Haryo Untoro