Students of Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) from various faculties have created a miniature temple model toy that can be played with being arranged one by one using the interlock system found in the miniature stones as found in the original ancient temple. The miniature model was named “Mandira Brick, ” a sacred building built with an array of stones.

The Mandira Brick PKM-K team was accompanied by Fahmi Prihantoro, S.S., M.A. The PKM-K team is a collaboration team from various cross-disciplines, namely Archaeology, Geodesy Engineering, and Banking at Universitas Gadjah Mada. Chaired by Ahmad Zaki, the Mandira Brick PKM-K Team consists of Krista Satya Nugraha (Archaeology 2021), Putri Zelda Prabaswari (Archaeology 2021), Muhammad Zaki Ramadhan (Banking 2021), and Muhammad Farrell Wardhana (Geodesy Engineering 2021).

The background of the idea is that there are still many misconceptions by the public regarding the construction of ancient temples in Indonesia, misunderstood information in the form of myths that are widely believed by the public regarding the construction of temples in ancient times such as temple stones that were glued together using egg whites, temple construction carried out by spirits, and so on. In fact, the temple buildings were built with a stone arrangement with a hook system (Interlock) by the ancestors of the Indonesian Nation.

Concerned by these problems, the UGM PKM-K Mandira Brick Team developed a miniature temple model product of the Ancient Javanese era that adopts a hook system as the original temple, Mandira Brick has three main points in its product, namely education on cultural heritage preservation, education on temple construction systems, and education on temple architectural art. A Mandira Brick product will consist of a baseplate, miniature temple stones, and adhesive glue.

Currently, Mandira Brick has three product variations that have a price range of 185,000 for Ratu Boko Arch, Rp190,000 for Banyunibo Temple, and 190,000 for Sukuh Temple. The temples are taken with the aim of popularising temples that are less well-known but have beauty, tourist attraction, and historical significance that is not inferior to well-known temples such as Prambanan Temple and Borobudur Temple.

In December 2022, Kapalasastra as one of the semi-autonomous bodies (BSO) in the field of nature lovers has successfully conducted basic education for its new members. A series of basic education activities (diksar) carried out include understanding and basic practices of rock climbing, caving, rafting, and mountain-forest. In accordance with the principle of kinship owned by Kapalasastra for generations, all activities were carried out without any element of violence or yelling.

In January, the mountain-forest diksar took place on the slopes of Mount Ungaran and was held for five days. In this activity, teaching was given about the practice of Map and Compass Field Science (IMPK), Emergency First Aid (PPGD), Search and Rescue (SAR), and training survival skills. In the following month, a rafting or swift current sports course (ORAD) was organised. The Elo River was the chosen place with the calculation of the river’s moderate safety level and moderate rainfall as well.

The next agenda was rock climbing in March. Rock climbing was held on the cliffs of Siung Beach. Not only the material space and climbing practice, participants were also introduced to the shapes of corals that form the layers of the cliff. They were given the opportunity to walk around the cliffs and observe the morphology of each side of the cliff.

Finally, a caving course was held in Purworejo. There are two forms of caves that must be explored, namely vertical and horizontal caves. The horizontal cave chosen was Sikantong Cave. This cave has a track length of 1.5 KM and has a river flowing in it. Furthermore, the vertical cave chosen is Sibodak Cave. This cave has a depth of about 25 metres. Participants learnt and observed stalactites and stalagmites, the structure of the cave, the biota in it, and the science of cave photography. The whole series of diksar was then closed with an inauguration at Parangkusumo Beach as well as running a beach clean agenda.

In October this year 2023, Kapalasastra again held the basic education. The hope is that this basic education is able to provide learning and good practices to get to know nature more closely, become a forum for channeling talent interests, and alleviate the negative image of nature lovers. Kapalasastra; love nature, love life, without forgetting the greatness of God!

Tobacco is a very promising plantation commodity. In the form of cigarette excise, tobacco contributes more than 100 trillion rupiah in national income. However, the welfare of tobacco farmers as producers of cigarette raw materials is not proportional to their contribution. Despite this, farmers continue to farm tobacco despite the availability of other alternative agricultural commodities. In Temanggung Regency, which is nicknamed the Tobacco City, the situation is not much different. Local farmers have the opposite perception of tobacco. Among the local community, myths circulate that tobacco can bring high welfare to farmers, so it is called “green gold”, the plant of the “saints”, and various ritual practices such as ngalap berkah (seeking blessings) in the process of planting and processing tobacco.

Starting from this social phenomenon, the UGM Student Creativity Programme (PKM) team in the field of Social Humanities Research consisting of Abdila (History 2020), Wahyu Lestariningsih (Cultural Anthropology 2020), Devina Savana Putri (Economics 2021), and Ana Fitro Tunnisa (Social Development and Welfare (2022) accompanied by Dr Hempri Suyatna, S.Sos., M.Si conducted research with the title “Between Poverty and Ngalap Berkah Myth: Contradictions in Perceptions of Welfare of Temanggung Tobacco Farmers.” To obtain data, the team conducted in-depth observations and interviews in Tlogomulyo Sub-district, Temanggung Regency, Central Java in two months, July and September 2023. The team also conducted historical data research, and social welfare data research at BPS and the Temanggung District Social Service, and completed a secondary literature review.

By combining ethnographic and historical approaches, it was found that the middlemen’s entrapment and the involvement of the Chinese in the region are a vital part of the formation of tobacco myths, such as those about Ki Ageng Makukuhan and Saudagar Dampu Awang who are well well-known (and even sacred) among local farmers. The team also found that farmers form an inverse perception of the reality of the tobacco economy. There are several unfavourable conditions in the tobacco economy including the unpredictable selling price of tobacco, the strong dependence on extreme weather to produce good tobacco and avoid crop failure, the cessation of fertiliser subsidies due to tobacco policy, and unhealthy capital with middlemen at 50% interest rate known as nglimolasi system (borrow 10 pay 15). However, farmers continue to grow tobacco hoping for abundant sustenance at the beginning of each planting year, pinning their hopes for life and the future of their children and grandchildren on tobacco, and showing an emotional-spiritual connection to tobacco that tobacco is more than just a commodity.

As a plant of the saints, tobacco is also a blessing so farmers’ steadfastness in all economic conditions and continuing to cultivate tobacco and treat tobacco with its own speciality is part of the spiritual-emotional attachment in an effort to seek blessings. In this behaviour, the team found three dimensions of the subjective well-being of Temanggung tobacco farmers, including the harmony dimension, the social relationship dimension, and the environmental dimension. The harmony dimension is obtained when, for example, farmers work together in traditional ceremonies. The social relationship dimension is fulfilled by the feeling of happiness when they can help each other during picking season, as well as the attitude of solidarity among fellow farmers to fight for common welfare in the tobacco trade during harvest season.

The subjective welfare of the environmental dimension, for example, is the belief that welfare comes from the environment, namely in the form of fertile land, as well as the belief that natural elements are considered as living entities that are more than humans, thus forming the culture of selamatan ceremonies for the earth. Although material/economic welfare has various obstacles, Temanggung tobacco farmers have another source of welfare, namely subjective welfare that creates happiness for tobacco farmers and resistance to various challenges.

Writer: Abdila (History 2020) and Devina (Economics 2021)